Ethereum's Post-Merge Architecture
15 August 2025
Ethereum's record stretches from the 2015 Frontier release through the September 2022 consensus layer replacement. Each protocol revision left observable traces - the 2016 hard fork that reversed the DAO exploit, the 2017 Byzantium gas cost rebalance, the 2019 Istanbul precompile additions, the 2021 London base fee introduction. The Merge continued the sequence - substituting […]